Объясните употребление времен группы Perfect 1. This is а very good book, I have just read it with pleasure. 2.
He has been absent this week. He has been ill. 3.1 haven't seen you
for a long time. Where have you been all this time? 4. We haven't
heard about her since 1989. 5. By the beginning of the lecture the
laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams. 6. Before we came to the next lecture we had studied the material of the
first one. 7. Have you already finished your diploma work? No, I
shall have finished it by the end of June. 8. They will not have
passed their exams by the time you return. 9. Many students have
been enroled into universities this year. 10. The translation has not
been finished yet. It will have been finished by the end of the
month. 11. Have you brought these journals with you? No, these
journals had been brought by my sister before I returned from
St.Petersburg. Don't you know that?

Предыдущий
вопрос Следующий
вопрос

Present Perfect is used to talk about actions that happened in the past and have a connection to the present. In this case, the speaker has just finished reading the book, so it is still fresh in their mind.

Present Perfect Continuous is used to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing in the present. In this case, the person has been absent for the whole week because they have been ill.

Present Perfect is used to talk about past actions that have relevance to the present moment. In this case, the speaker hasn't seen the person for a long time and is curious about where they have been.

Present Perfect is used to talk about actions that started in the past and are still relevant in the present. In this case, the speaker hasn't heard any news about her since 1989.

Past Perfect is used to talk about actions that happened before a specific point in the past. In this case, the laboratory assistant had already brought all the necessary diagrams by the beginning of the lecture.

Past Perfect is used to talk about actions that happened before another action in the past. In this case, the speaker had studied the material of the first lecture before coming to the next one.

Future Perfect is used to talk about actions that will be completed before a certain point in the future. In this case, the speaker will have finished their diploma work by the end of June.

Future Perfect is used to talk about actions that will be completed before a certain point in the future. In this case, it is unlikely that they will have passed their exams by the time the speaker returns.

Present Perfect Passive is used to talk about actions that have been completed recently or have relevance to the present. In this case, many students have been enrolled in universities this year.

Future Perfect Passive is used to talk about actions that will be completed before a certain point in the future. In this case, the translation will be finished by the end of the month.

Past Perfect Passive is used to talk about actions that were completed before another action in the past. In this case, the journals had already been brought by the sister before the speaker returned from St. Petersburg.