Контрольная работа 3, вариант 2

выполнены упражнения контрольной работы в соответствии с заданиями

Упражнение 1. Причастие I (Participle I Simple, Participle I Perfect).

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Обратите внимание на причастия, выделенные жирным шрифтом, и укажите их синтаксическую функцию (часть сказуемого, определение или обстоятельство).

1. BNSF railway is testing several locomotives using alternative fuels, including liquefied natural gas and biodiesel.

2. On 5 June 2000, a Eurostar train heading for London derailed on the LGV Nord high-speed line while running at a speed of 290 kmh.

3. Having received a lot of complaints about the noise of trains passing near towns, the railway built acoustic fencing along large track sections.

4. Some old steam locomotives are still being used on tourist routes in England, attracting a lot of foreign tourists.

5. New lightweight carriages consuming 50% less power than older models have recently been introduced on the Japanese railways.

Упражнение 2. Причастие II (Participle II).

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Обратите внимание на причастия, выделенные жирным шрифтом, и укажите их синтаксическую функцию (часть сказуемого, определение или обстоятельство).

1. Electric locomotives get electric power from contact wires suspended above the track or from a third rail.

2. Modern track repair machines bought from "Plasser and Theurer" are being used in the track maintenance and reconstruction.

3. A HS train is a train capable of reaching speeds of over 200 kmh on upgraded conventional lines and of over 250 kmh on new lines designed specifically for high speeds.

4. When first introduced, containers were used for carrying only valuable goods.

5. A train may run ahead of schedule if ordered to do so by a dispatcher.

Упражнение 3. Причастие I и Причастие II

(А) Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в форму Participle I или Participle II в функции определения. Фразы перепишите и переведите.

1. the rail bridge (erect) in the 19th century

2. passengers (buy) train tickets in advance

3. the railway station (accommodate) only commuter trains

4. a (break) engine

5. locomotives (reach) the speed of 300 kmh

6. the track (use) for high-speed passenger services

7. trains (run) to timetable

8. cross-ties (treat) with creosote

9. (grow) competition between various means of transport

10. the train (delay) for two hours

(Б) Заполните пропуски, выбрав подходящее по смыслу причастие. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу:

1. Chinese Railways lifted the top speed of passenger services to 140 kmh on 7 key routes ___ from Beijing.

2. Henry Booth was the designer of the boiler ___ by George Stephenson on its first locomotive.

3. The HS train ___ between Hiroshima and Kokura was entered in the Guinness Book of Records for the highest average speed - 262 kmh.

4. When widely ___, containerized services will make the transportation of goods much easier.

5. ___ the world's first electric locomotive, Werner von Siemens demonstrated it at the Berlin Exhibition.

6. When ___ a curve, a tilting train doesn't have to decrease its speed.

7. Tank cars ___ gas or cement are made of aluminum or stainless steel.

8. A diesel engine is a reciprocating internal combustion engine ___ by Rudolf Diesel in 1897.

9. A third rail is an electrified rail that runs along the tracks, ___ electric power to trains.

10. In February 2015, an oil train derailed in West Virginia, ___ nearly 400,000 gallons of oil. The cause of the derailment was a ___ rail on the track.

a) broken b) rounding c) invented d) giving e) having built f) introduced g) radiating h) running i) spilling j) transporting k) used

(В) Заполните пропуски, выбрав подходящую по смыслу форму причастия. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу:

1. Mixed trains ___ both freight and passengers were quite common in the early days of railways.

a) carrying b) having carried c) carried

2. A sleeper is a wooden or concrete beam ___ transversely under rails to support them.

a) laying b) having laid c) laid

3. Most passenger trains in Europe have coaches ___ for passengers in wheelchairs.

a) equipping b) having equipped c) equipped

4. A freight train broke down, ___ to train delays on the rail network this morning.

a) leading b) having led c) led

5. ___ wooden ties with creosote, the railwaymen laid them down in the track.

a) treating b) having treated c) treated

6. The things ___ behind by passengers on the trains or at the stations are usually taken to the Lost and Found.

a) leaving b) having left c) left

7. The bright flowers ___ along the railroad attracted the attention of all the passengers.

a) growing b) having grown c) grown

8. The cause of the accident was a ___ brake lever.

a) breaking b) having broken c) broken

9. The railroad track consists of two parallel steel rails___ to timber or concrete sleepers.

a) joining b) having joined c) joined

10. The locomotive ___ trains on mountainous railways usually operate on electric energy.

a) hauling b) having hauled c) hauled

Упражнение 4. Герундий

(А) Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на способы перевода герундия.

1. Using bi-level cars allows increasing the passenger or freight capacity of a train without lengthening a consist.

2. A mechanic is a skilled worker whose job is repairing and maintaining vehicle engines and other machinery.

3. Railway signaling is a safety system used on railways to prevent trains from colliding.

4. The challenging project of refurbishing rolling stock will require a large amount of time and money.

5. Increasing train speeds without improving the stability of track is impossible.

(Б) Перепишите предложения. В каждом предложении заполните пробел герундием, образованным на основе одного из глаголов, данных в рамке.

• improve • lay • reduce • operate • haul • increase • test • use

1. The new powerful locomotive will be used for ___ heavy iron-ore trains.

2. A transformer is an apparatus for ___ or ___ the voltage of an alternating current.

3. ___ down rails took much time before a track-laying machine had been invented.

4. The mechanic insisted on ___ the braking system once more.

5. Freight trains are loaded and unloaded in freight yards by ___ cranes.

6. The cost of ___ a railway line depends on a number of factors such as the weight of trains, quantity of stops, frequency of traffic, etc.

7. Automatic ticket-vending machines have been developed for ___ passenger service at railway stations.

Упражнение 5. Атрибутивные словосочетания

(А) Перепишите атрибутивные словосочетания, образованные по схеме «существительное + существительное», и переведите их на русский язык.

a) train passenger cars

b) rail crack

c) traffic frequency

d) rail crossing accident

e) long distance train

f) train speeds

g) automatic train operation system

h) wheel set axle

i) city-center-to-city-center passenger service

j) track maintenance

k) heavy train traffic

l) signalling and telecommunications systems

(Б) Перепишите предложения, заполняя пропуски подходящими по смыслу атрибутивными словосочетаниями (a-l), данными выше.

1. Such trains as the Japanese Shinkansen, the French TGV and Amtrak's Metroliner provide high-speed ___.

2. Major track repairs and modernization of the ___ are under way.

3. An express train travelling from London to Leeds derailed due to a ___ on the East Coast Mainline.

4. Every year, the US railroad companies spend billions of dollars on ___ to ensure safety and operational efficiency of their networks.

5. The choice of a rail type depends on ___, axle loads and ___.

Упр. 6. Текст (А) Прочитайте текст, устно переведите его на русский язык и письменно выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

ST. PETERSBURG - MOSCOW RAILWAY

The St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway is a 650 km railway running between the two largest Russian cities and through four regions: Moscow, Tver, Novgorod and Leningrad. It is the leading traffic artery for the whole of the north-west region of Russia operated by the Oktyabrskaya Railway.

This railway was a project of Pavel Petrovich Melnikov, a railway engineer who was in charge of its construction as well. According to Melnikov's project, "chugunka" was planned as a double-track line, 664-km long, steam-powered. Melnikov insisted that gauge of railway should be 1,524 mm. This was to become Russia's national standard for all railways. The speed of passenger and freight trains was to be 34 kmh and 16 kmh respectively. 278 constructive works were to be built, including 34 stations, 184 railway bridges, 19 viaducts, 69 cast iron and masonry conduit pipes.

It should be said that all the railway stations were to be built in the same architectural style and even in the same color scheme. Railway stations in both capitals (Moskovsky in St. Petersburg and Leningradsky in Moscow) were designed by Konstantin Thon who was an official architect of Imperial Russia during the reign of Nicholas I.

Some reactionary officials were opposed to the idea of a railway connecting the two capitals. They predicted public disorder if the masses were allowed to travel. It was even decided that only the wealthy would be allowed to use the line. Every passenger was to pass strict passport and police control.

Tsar Nicholas I issued a decree to build a railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow on 1 February 1842. The construction began in 1843 and lasted about 10 years. As engineers were scarce in Russia, almost all the graduates from the Imperial School of Engineering were drafted to the railway. An American engineer, George Whistler, was appointed a technical adviser. More than 50,000 serfs did the actual construction work, using only spades, picks, axes, wheelbarrows and horse-drawn carts. For negligible pay, they worked long hours and were badly fed and housed. Several thousand died during construction, a fact bemoaned by Nikolay Nekrasov in his 1864 poem "The Railway".

P.P. Melnikov's proposal to mechanize the construction wasn't supported, as it required great costs. Nevertheless, four excavators were bought in the USA. (It is interesting to note that at that time, there were only seven excavators in the world – three other machines operated in the US and Great Britain.)

The inauguration of the St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway took place on 1 November 1851. The first train departed from St. Petersburg at 11.15 a.m. In 21 hours 45 minutes, the train safely arrived at its destination. There were 17 passengers in the first-class carriages, 63 – in the second-class carriages and 112 – in the third-class carriages. Tickets had been sold out four months before. The speed of the first trains was 40 kmh. Two years later, it was increased up to 60 kmh. It was the world's record in the speed of passenger trains.

It should be said that the railway was completely straight and level apart from a 17-km curve near Novgorod. According to the legend, when asked what the route of the railway should be, Tsar Nicholas I took a ruler and laid it down on a map between the two cities, saying: "Build the railway in a straight line." Accidentally, he drew around his own finger on the ruler, breaking the straight line on the map. Too scared to return to the tsar, the railway planners duly incorporated a 17-km curve into the line known ever since as the Tsar's Finger. However, the truth is more prosaic. The curve, called the Verebinsky bypass, was actually built to circumvent a steep gradient. Russian steam locomotives of the time were not powerful and trains heading for Moscow needed four locomotives to get up the hill. In 2001, after 150 years of continuous use, the curve was finally straightened out, reducing the entire railway length by 5 km.

(Б) Перепишите следующие фразы и выпишите из текста их английские эквиваленты.

1. инженер, который руководил строительством железной дороги

2. двухпутная линия на паровой тяге

3. чугунные и каменные водопропускные трубы

4. некоторые реакционные чиновники выступали против строительства железной дороги

5. используя только лопаты, кирки, топоры, тачки и повозки, запряженные лошадьми

6. мировой рекорд скорости движения пассажирских поездов

7. железная дорога была абсолютно прямой и ровной

8. кривой участок пути, названный Веребьинским обходом

9. поезда, следующие в Москву

10. кривой участок был выпрямлен, тем самым общая протяженность железной дороги стала меньше на 5 км.

(В) Перепишите предложения. Если утверждение соответствует содержанию текста, напишите "TRUE", если не соответствует – "FALSE". Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. The St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway is the leading traffic artery for the whole of the north-east region of Russia.

2. According to P.P. Melnikov's project, the railway was built to standard gauge.

3. All the stations on the line were designed in the style of classical architecture.

4. Both officials and the public supported the idea of a railway connecting the two capitals.

5. The Verebinsky bypass was actually built to circumvent a gentle gradient on the line.

(Г) Из четырёх предложенных вариантов, выберите верный ответ на вопрос к тексту.

1. Why were some officials against the construction of the line connecting the two major cities of Russia?

a) because they were afraid of social disorder

b) because they were opposed to technological advance

c) because they were afraid of industrial revolution

d) because they didn't like the idea of people travelling from one city to another

2. Who issued an ukase to build the railway?

a) George Whistler

b) Pavel Melnikov

c) Konstantin Thon

d) Nicholas I

3. Why wasn't Melnikov's proposal to mechanize the construction supported?

a) because it was impossible to use machines due to geographical conditions

b) because serfs couldn't operate excavators and other equipment

c) because it required great costs

d) because there were no machines at that time

4. What was a 17-km curve called?

a) the Tsar's Hand

b) the Tsar's Finger

c) the Tsar's Head

d) the Tsar's Arm

5. How many passengers travelled on the first St. Petersburg-Moscow train?

a) 17

b) 45

c) 192

d) 200