Контрольная работа 3, вариант 2

выполнены упражнения согласно заданиям варианта, точный текст заданий ниже

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

1. In spite of the dense fog, the train was not late. 2. Diesel locomotives are usually used for shunting because it is not economic to electrify a marshalling yard. 3. An impact-resistant windscreen will reduce the risk of injury to the driver in the case of any accident. 4. The Ukrainian government has decided to resume the construction of the Metro, which was stopped because of financial difficulties. A lottery is being organized and 40% of its income will be used to fund the work.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление эквивалентов модальных глаголов (to be allowed to; to be able to; to be to; to have to). Подчеркните эквиваленты модальных глаголов в английских предложениях и в переводе.

1. Your car is in good condition but you have to replace worn-out tires. 2. Aircrafts are not able to carry a lot in weight and are used mainly for transporting mail, people and valuable goods. 3. We were to leave for England on Saturday but because of the delay with our visas, we had to book tickets for Monday. 4. He was allowed to use the mobile telephone. 5. You will have to throw away the broken umbrella; we will not be able to repair it.

III. Выберите английский эквивалент русского предложения из трёх данных вариантов. Обращайте внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. Тебе следует научиться водить машину.

a) You have to learn driving a car. b) You are to learn driving a car. c) You should learn driving a car.

2. Завтра можешь не приходить.

a) You need not come tomorrow. b) You must not come tomorrow. c) You can not come tomorrow.

3. Он сможет быстро отремонтировать компьютер.

a) He will be allowed to repair the computer quickly. b) He will have to repair the computer quickly. c) He will be able to repair the computer quickly.

4. Им пришлось уехать вчера.

a) They had to leave yesterday. b) They were allowed to leave yesterday. c) They could leave yesterday.

5. Ей разрешили сдать экзамены досрочно.

a) She was able to take exams in advance. b) She was allowed to take exams in advance.

c) She was to take exams in advance.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление герундия в разных функциях.

1. As the railways have a standard gauge now, it is possible for passengers to travel over several lines without changing cars. 2. This railway company is engaged in carrying freight in large-tonnage containers. 3. On conducting the experiment you must ventilate the laboratory. 4. Flying from Los Angeles to Tokyo on board of a new supersonic aircraft will take two hours. 5.

In 1996, several Asian countries founded the Pan-Asian railway organization with the aim of uniting their individual railways into a continuous network.

V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием –ing.

1. Talking on cellular phones while driving is very dangerous, that is why it is banned. 2. Around $1.2 billion is being spent on modernizing the 270 km suburban network of Sao Paolo (Brazil); this includes buying new trains, refurbishing existing stock, renewing signaling equipment, plus constructing new railway stations, rebuilding old ones and laying new tracks. 3. Finland has the same railway gauge as Russia that is why high-speed trains can cross the border without stopping. 4. The ore is transported from the mine to the processing plant by the railway. 5. Having worked at the railway for several years, Paul gained much experience in driving electric locos.

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием -ed.

1. One of the earliest railway bridges in Great Britain called “Britannia” has survived to our days. 2. The revolution in science and technology affects not only economically developed countries but also developing countries. 3. If hardened in fire, steel becomes stronger. 4. In Britain, creosote-treated wooden sleepers last about 20 years in the main tracks, whereas the life of a wooden sleeper in India is 15 years. 5. The French military engineer Cugnot constructed the first three-wheeled machine equipped with a two-cylinder steam engine. This machine carried two people at a walking pace.

VII. Перепишите и переведите данные словосочетания, обращая внимание на правила перевода определений, выраженных существительными.

1) the track maintenance cost; 2) the supersonic vertical take-off airplane; 3) the road traffic rules; 4) the new engine capacity; 5) a remote control device; 6) the two-berth compartment carriage; 7) the power supply system; 8) a rolling-stock repair plant; 9) an incandescent lamp; 10) the plush, aircraft-type seats.

VIII. Перепишите предложения, употребив сказуемые , данные в скобках, в отрицательной форме. Полученные предложения переведите.

1. Concrete sleepers last long because this material (is subjected) to corrosion. 2. The railway station (is) far from here; you (need) to take a taxi. 3. I (can guarantee) that he will be able to install the equipment in time. 4. The maintenance team (had finished) the repair of the track by 6 p.m. 5. The fare in the Moscow Underground (depends) on the distance you travel. 6. The accident (did) much damage to the automobile. 7. The first rails (were made) of steel.

IX. Перепишите и переведите текст.

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

The locomotive must be provided with auxiliary equipment to enable it to be effective, the nature of the auxiliaries being governed both by the duty the locomotive has to perform in service and by the type of the transmission used. For example, all those parts of engines which are subjected to heating due to diesel fuel combustion, such as cylinders, cylinder heads and exhaust manifolds are cooled by constantly circulating water. The water circulation is caused by an engine-driven pump of a simple centrifugal design.

On the other hand, all those parts of engines which are subjected to tear and wear should be oiled constantly and properly. For this purpose there is a special engine-driven pump which supplies oil for all elements requiring lubrication. Besides that, we should always keep in mind that water and oil used for cooling the engine, in their turn, are heated during the process and need to be cooled themselves. Therefore, all cooling elements are divided into elements for cooling water and those for cooling oil. In fact, these cooling elements are radiators which are air-cooled by a special ventilating fan.

The function of an air compressor is to provide compressed air which is needed to operate both locomotive and train brakes. Besides that, air is needed for actuating various pneumatic devices used in locomotives. All air provided by the compressor is stored in special reservoirs.

Locomotive cab heating is also provided and often takes the form of hot water radiators fed from the engine cooling water system, alternatively electric radiators can be fitted.